COURSEKEEPER.COMPeter Greenaway Looks at the Day Cinema Died — and What Comes Next
Cinema went into its death throes on September 31, 1983. The instrument of its demise? The video remote control. When the “zapper” endowed the viewer with the ability to play, pause, stop, fast-forward, and rewind at will, the medium’s artists lost their absolute control over the rhythm, duration, and other chronological subtleties of the cinematic experience. Or so filmmaker Peter Greenaway claims in this lecture at UC Berkeley. Anyone fan enough to read all the interviews the director has granted — and I count myself in the group — will by now be familiar with, even weary of, Greenaway’s ideas about cinema’s technical and economic straitjacketing, its arbitrary aesthetic boundaries, and its squandered potential as a freestanding art form. Nowhere else, though, does he explain and elaborate upon these ideas in such detail, or in such an entertainingly oratorical manner.
“The death of cinema,” though? Really? Knowing how dramatic that sounds, Greenaway frames what’s happened in another way: perhaps cinema has yet to be born. What if the last century or so has offered only the prologue to cinema, and modern filmmakers must take it upon themselves to bring the real thing into the world? These may strike you as the thoughts of a crackpot, and maybe they are, but watch and listen as Greenaway recounts the stunted development of the art form in which he works. We’ve grown so accustomed to the limitations of cinema, so his argument goes, that we don’t even feel the pressure of the “four tyrannies” that have lorded over it since the beginning: the frame, the text, the actor, and the camera. Even if you loathe Greenaway’s films, can you help asking yourself whether the rarely questioned dominance of an elite class of essentially theatrical performers, following textually conceived instructions, viewed from one perspective at a time through a simple rectangle, holds the movies back?
Since his feature-length debut The Falls in 1980, Greenaway has struggled against what he sees as the barriers put up by cinema’s unhealthy entanglement with the narrative-driven forms of theater and literature. Trained originally as a painter, he wonders explicitly in public and implicitly through his work why films can’t enjoy the same freedom to explore the creative space at their disposal that paintings do. All his pictures, even the best-known like The Draughtsman’s Contract; The Cook, the Thief, His Wife and Her Lover; and 8½ Women, use settings, actors, images, words, and sounds like colors on a palette, applying them with infinitude of strokes, creating a whole from which no one element can be easily separated. In this lecture, Greenaway marshals footage from his projects conducted even farther out at the medium’s edge: his transformation of an actual Italian palace into one big non-narrative film, his collaborations with avant-garde composer David Lang, and, of course, his VJ-ing sessions.
Related content:
Darwin, A 1993 Film by Peter Greenaway
Colin Marshall hosts and produces Notebook on Cities and Culture. Follow him on Twitter at @colinmarshall.
Peter Greenaway Looks at the Day Cinema Died — and What Comes Next is a post from: Open Culture
The Times They Are a-Changin’: 1964 Broadcast Gives a Rare Glimpse of the Early Bob Dylan
In early 1964, Bob Dylan was at the apex of his journey as a socially conscious folk singer. The fleeting moment is preserved in this rare half-hour TV program, recorded on February 1 of that year. Within a week the Beatles would land in America. In a little over a month, Dylan would rent an electric guitar.
The television performance is from Quest, a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation series that ran between 1961 and 1964 and showcased a wide range of literary and performing arts. It was produced in Toronto by Daryl Duke, who went on to direct American television programs and feature films.
Dylan appears in his classic Woody Guthrie mode on a set made to look like a western bunkhouse. He plays six songs–half from The Times They Are a-Changin’, his third album released just a few weeks before, and half from his previous album, The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan. In order of appearance:
- The Times They Are A Changin’
- Talkin’ World War III Blues
- Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll
- Girl From the North Country
- A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall
- Restless Farewell
“The Times They Are a-Changin’,” as the program is titled, offers a unique glimpse of the early Bob Dylan, just before his music turned from social issues to personal ones, just before he put away the blue jeans and work shirts and began wearing Beatle boots and sunglasses. “Dylan’s appearance on Quest,” says writer and filmmaker Erek Barsczewski, “provides the closest approximation available of what his early performances in Greenwich Village would have looked and sounded like.”
The Times They Are a-Changin’: 1964 Broadcast Gives a Rare Glimpse of the Early Bob Dylan is a post from: Open Culture
Animated: Robert Johnson’s Classic Blues Tune Me and the Devil Blues
Last year, we featured a slick animation of Cross Road Blues by the legendary bluesman Robert Johnson. This morning, one of our Twitter friends highlighted for us a 2007 animation of Johnson’s Me and the Devil Blues, created by Dutch artist Ineke Goes. Recorded in 1937 in only two takes, the song (find the lyrics here) helped cement the legend of the bluesman. According to the old tale, Johnson made a Faustian bargain with the devil, selling his soul in exchange for boundless musical talent. And that he had. But, of course, the devil eventually demands his payback. Johnson died in 1938.
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Animated: Robert Johnson’s Classic Blues Tune Me and the Devil Blues is a post from: Open Culture
Francis Bacon on the South Bank Show: A Singular Profile of the Singular Painter
When did you first feel the rush of stealthily mannered grotesquerie that is Francis Bacon‘s Study after Velázquez’s Portrait of Pope Innocent X? If you’ve seen the painting in detail, even in reproduction, you’ll always remember that moment. By the same token, if you watch this Emmy Award-winning profile of Francis Bacon (above), you’ll always remember these 51 minutes. A production of London Weekend Television (now ITV London), The South Bank Show offered documentary portraits of well-known artists and performers from Douglas Adams to Steve Reich to Terry Gilliam to the Pet Shop Boys. Only natural, then, that it would turn its lens toward Bacon in 1985, when his canvasses of human figures, often in triptych, just abstracted enough to cause subconscious trouble, reached a peak on the art market. Roving from gallery to studio to café to bar, the program reveals an artist, one then held, in the words of host Melvyn Bragg, to be the greatest living painter in the world.
This episode ended up winning an International Emmy, and beyond the dose of vigor for the craft it can still shoot into the veins of documentarians both fresh-faced and world-weary, it attests to the sharpness of the minds London Weekend Television employed back then. Displaying a combination of casualness, spontaneity, rigor, and cinematic presentation rare even in theatrical films, the broadcast follows Bragg (now best known as the presenter of BBC Radio 4′s In Our Time) and Bacon in a single long-form conversation. It begins, soberly enough, in the blue glow of a slide projector and ends, drunkenly enough, in the ruddiness of the painter’s favorite “drinking club,” carving out spaces in between for Bacon’s imagery as well as its visual inspirations and referents.
The program finds Bacon ready to discuss his life and work with utter frankness: his gambling; his homosexuality; his distaste for the academy; his famous paintings he’d rather see burned; his habit of not only painting without a sketch, but doing so on the “wrong” side of the canvas. And how often do you see an interview over a bottle of wine whose participants have actually been drinking? “Do you think anything exists apart from the moment?” Bragg asks Bacon before the latter staggers up to pour another round. “Are you real?” interviewee later demands of interviewer.
Colin Marshall hosts and produces Notebook on Cities and Culture. Follow him on Twitter at @colinmarshall.
Francis Bacon on the South Bank Show: A Singular Profile of the Singular Painter is a post from: Open Culture
Bertrand Russell’s ABC of Relativity: The Classic Introduction to Einstein (Free Audio)
“Everybody knows that Einstein did something astonishing,” writes Bertrand Russell in the opening passage of ABC of Relativity, “but very few people know exactly what it was. It is generally recognized that he revolutionized our conception of the physical world, but the new conceptions are wrapped up in mathematical technicalities. It is true that there are innumerable popular accounts of the theory of relativity, but they generally cease to be intelligible just at the point where they begin to say something important.”
Eighty-seven years after it was written, ABC of Relativity still stands as one of the most intelligible introductions to Albert Einstein’s theories. Russell wrote the book in 1925 as a companion to his earlier volume, ABC of Atoms. The project of writing books for a general readership was born of necessity. Russell had no academic appointment, and needed the money. But as Peter Clark explains in his introduction to the Routledge fifth edition to ABC of Relativity, the early 1920s were also a time when Russell was becoming increasingly preoccupied with social and political issues. He believed that many of the social ills of the period, including the rise of nationalism, were consequences of a widespread and entrenched irrationality, born of ignorance and a lack of education. Writes Clark:
It was certainly a heroic period in Russell’s life, when he earnestly believed that the sort of blind unthinking prejudice–which he conceived to be fundamentally responsible for the horrors of the First World War–could be transcended by the dissemination of knowledge and the exercise in critical reasoning power by all classes of society. His huge output in this period was designed to bring within, as far as possible, everyone’s grasp the freedom of thought and action which knowledge and learning brings. That spirit of enlightenment certainly pervades the ABC of Relativity.
Thanks to UbuWeb, you can listen to an abridged audio version of ABC of Relativity online. The book is read by English actor Derek Jacobi (who also starred in the film we featured last week on Alan Turing: Breaking the Code). Jacobi reads one of the later editions of ABC of Relativity. In 1959, and again in 1969, Russell consented to revisions by physicist Felix Pirani. Chapter 11 was rewritten by Pirani to incorporate the expansion of the universe, which wasn’t announced by Edwin Hubble until four years after the first edition of Russell’s book. The one troubling thing about the text, as it now stands, is that Pirani didn’t limit himself to the revisions made under Russell’s supervision. He made more changes in 1985, fifteen years after Russell’s death.
Here is the audio book, divided into chapters:
- Touch and Sight: The Earth and the Heavens
- What Happens and What is Observed
- The Velocity of Light
- Clocks and Foot-rules
- Space-Time
- The Special Theory of Relativity
- Intervals in Space-Time
- Einstein’s Law of Gravitation
- Proofs of Einstein’s Law of Gravitation
- Mass, Momentum, Energy, and Action
- The Expanding Universe
- Conventions and Natural Laws
- The Abolition of ‘Force’
- What is Matter?
- Philosophical Consequences
Stellar courses focusing on Einstein’s physics can also be found in our big collection of Free Courses Online. Just scroll down to the Physics section.
The audio text listed above also appears in our list of Free Audio Books.
Bertrand Russell’s ABC of Relativity: The Classic Introduction to Einstein (Free Audio) is a post from: Open Culture
How the Great George Carlin Showed Louis CK the Path to Success (NSFW)
There’s probably not a standup comedian bigger than Louis CK right now. His FX television show, Louie, earned him two Emmy Award nominations in 2011, and his recent comedy special, Live at the Beacon Theater, made history when CK distributed the show via the web (not HBO) and netted $ 1,000,000 in sales in a matter of days.
Louis CK is riding a good wave. But times weren’t always so easy. Back in 2010, CK spoke at a tribute to George Carlin (hosted at the venerable New York Public Library) and revisited his early days in the profession. For years — actually 15 long years — CK performed the same old act and spun his wheels. Then he looked to Carlin and turned his career around. As you might expect, the story is laced with some profanity. (Come on, it’s Louis CK talking about George Carlin!) But, when you strip the language away, you get a good life lesson. Perseverance counts. But so does perspective, getting the right perspective.
Louis CK’s talk appears above. You can find the full Carlin tribute here. And don’t miss a very related video where Carlin describes the turning point in his own life — the moment when he learned “not to give a shit” and his comic genius came into full bloom.
How the Great George Carlin Showed Louis CK the Path to Success (NSFW) is a post from: Open Culture
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